aeroponics

Aeroponics is a soilless cultivation technique in which plant roots are suspended in air and intermittently misted with a nutrient solution. In a typical system, plants are held in a framework that supports the roots in an open or semi-enclosed chamber; the shoot system remains above the root zone, and a misting apparatus delivers the nutrient solution to the roots at programmed intervals. The misting creates high oxygen exposure for the roots and promotes rapid nutrient uptake, while the environment is controlled for temperature, humidity, and light.

Solutions are generally a hydroponic nutrient mix with calibrated pH and electrical conductivity; monitoring equipment and filtration maintain solution quality and prevent clogging of spray nozzles. Modern aeroponic systems can be fully automated, using sensors and controllers to regulate mist frequency, duration, and environmental parameters.

Development and research into aeroponics began in the late 20th century, with subsequent adoption in controlled-environment agriculture. Researchers and space agencies, including NASA, have explored aeroponics for its potential to reduce water use and enable compact, efficient growing systems in closed environments.

Advantages cited for aeroponics include high water efficiency, rapid plant growth, reduced pest and soil-borne disease pressure, and the ability to propagate clones and cultivate high-density crops. Disadvantages include high capital and operating costs, dependence on power and reliable misting hardware, greater technical complexity, and vulnerability to system failures that can quickly harm plants.

Crops commonly grown with aeroponics include leafy greens, herbs, and fruiting vegetables in research and commercial pilot operations; seedling propagation is another important application in nurseries.