adipokiineja

Adipokiineja, commonly known as adipokines, are a group of bioactive peptides and proteins secreted primarily by adipose (fat) tissue. These signaling molecules play a critical role in the regulation of metabolic processes, immune responses, and inflammation. They are involved in various physiological functions, including energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and appetite control.

Adipokines include well-known molecules such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Leptin is primarily involved in appetite suppression and energy expenditure regulation, communicating with the hypothalamus to control food intake. Adiponectin enhances insulin sensitivity and possesses anti-inflammatory properties, often found at decreased levels in obesity. Resistin has been linked to insulin resistance and inflammation, although its precise role in humans remains under study.

The secretion of adipokines is influenced by factors such as adipose tissue mass, obesity, and metabolic health. Dysregulation of adipokine production is associated with various health conditions, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines like TNF-α and resistin contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance, while decreased adiponectin levels are linked to increased metabolic risk.

Research into adipokines continues to uncover their complex roles in health and disease. These molecules are considered potential therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders, with efforts aimed at modulating their levels or activity to improve metabolic health and reduce inflammation. Understanding adipokiinejs provides insight into the intricate communication between adipose tissue and other organ systems, emphasizing their significance in maintaining overall metabolic balance.