aPKCs
Atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) refers to a subgroup of the protein kinase C (PKC) family characterized by insensitivity to calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG) and by regulation primarily through protein–protein interactions rather than second messengers. In humans, the two main isoforms are PKC-ζ (zeta) and PKC-ι (iota); in rodents and some literature, PKC-λ (lambda) is treated as the functional ortholog of PKC-ι. They share a catalytic kinase domain and a regulatory region that contains a PB1 (Phox and Bem1) domain, which mediates interactions with other PB1-containing proteins such as Par-3 and Par-6 to form complexes that influence localization and activity.
Activation and regulation of aPKCs rely on assembly into protein complexes and phosphorylation by upstream kinases,
Functions of aPKCs are diverse but interconnected. They play key roles in establishing and maintaining cell