Zwelling

Zwelling is the Dutch term for the medical condition known in English as edema or swelling: an enlargement of a body part caused by the accumulation of fluid in the tissues or by inflammatory processes. In Dutch medical usage, zwelling can describe both localized swelling, such as in a sprain or infection, and generalized swelling that affects larger regions or the whole body.

Causes vary widely. Localized zwelling often follows injury, surgery, infection, or venous insufficiency. Generalized edema may result from conditions that affect fluid balance or protein levels, including heart failure, kidney disease, liver disease, pregnancy, malnutrition, or medications such as certain antihypertensives. Less common causes include allergic reactions and lymphedema, where lymphatic drainage is impaired.

Symptoms depend on location and cause. Swelling may be pitting (leaving an indentation when pressed) or non-pitting, with skin that feels tight or shiny, and may be associated with pain, heaviness, or limited movement. Sudden, unilateral leg swelling with warmth or redness can signal a risk of deep vein thrombosis and requires urgent evaluation; swelling with shortness of breath may reflect heart or lung problems.

Diagnosis involves clinical examination and history, supported by tests as needed. Doctors may check kidney and liver function, albumin levels, thyroid status, and electrolyte balance, and may use imaging such as ultrasound to assess blood flow or identify clots.

Treatment targets the underlying cause and may include rest and elevation, compression garments, diuretics in fluid overload, and management of heart, kidney, liver, or inflammatory conditions. Prevention focuses on controlling risk factors and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.