Zikzziformes

Zikzziformes is an order of small, parasitoid insects in the class Insecta. Described as a distinct lineage based on a combination of morphological traits and molecular data, Zikzziformes comprises several genera whose species are typically endoparasitoids of other arthropods. The name reflects the characteristic zigzag pattern seen in the forewing venation and the standard -iformes suffix used in insect taxonomy.

Two families are currently recognized: Zikzzidae and Microzikziidae, together housing roughly a dozen described species in several genera, including Zikzzia and Microzikzia. Adults are small and slender, usually 1.5–4 mm long. Forewings commonly exhibit a distinct zigzag venation; females possess an elongated ovipositor for host insertion.

Zikzziformes are holometabolous parasitoids. Females lay eggs in or on suitable hosts, such as soft-bodied larvae or nymphs of other insects. Larvae develop inside, eventually killing the host. Adults feed mainly on nectar or honeydew. Some species show short generation times in favorable conditions.

Zikzziformes are primarily tropical and subtropical, with scattered representatives in temperate regions. They are best known from forested habitats, where host availability is high. Phylogenetic analyses place Zikzziformes within parasitoid wasps, closely related to or nested within the Chalcidoidea, though exact relationships remain debated.

Because of their parasitoid lifestyle, Zikzziformes have potential as biological control agents against pest insects. However, knowledge is limited and more taxonomic and ecological research is needed to clarify species boundaries, life histories, and actual ecological roles.