Zbot

Zbot, also known as Zeus, is a family of banking Trojan malware that targets Microsoft Windows systems. First identified in the late 2000s, it is designed to steal online banking credentials and other financial information. As a botnet-based platform, Zbot can be controlled remotely by cybercriminals, and multiple variants have circulated under the Zbot name across years.

The malware typically reaches infected machines through phishing emails with malicious attachments, drive-by downloads, or exploit kits. After execution, it may install stealth components such as rootkits to hide its presence. Zbot uses a man-in-the-browser technique, injecting code into web browsers to alter legitimate banking pages and capture credentials, transaction data, and other sensitive information.

Zbot campaigns employ data collection methods such as keylogging and form grabbing, often targeting online banking portals, payment services, and financial websites. By downloading additional modules from command-and-control servers, the trojan can extend its capabilities, enabling remote control, data exfiltration, or further malware features. Some variants have used peer-to-peer communications or centralized C2 infrastructure to receive updates and commands.

Impact and legacy: Zbot has been one of the most prominent banking Trojans of the 2000s and 2010s, contributing to substantial financial losses and spawning numerous derivatives such as Citadel. It has influenced the broader landscape of financial crime by emphasizing browser-focused data theft and modular payloads.

Detection and defense: Protecting systems involves keeping software and operating systems updated, using reputable antivirus solutions, and applying robust endpoint protection. Users should employ two-factor authentication for financial services, remain cautious of phishing attempts, and monitor bank accounts for unusual activity. Network monitoring and strict access controls can help detect and contain compromised hosts.