Wigmaking

Wigmaking is the craft and trade of creating wearable hairpieces, or wigs, for theatrical, cinematic, fashion, medical, and everyday use. A wig consists of a hair-containing base or cap to which hair fibers are attached by methods such as knotting, weaving, or stitching. The practice combines design, hair selection, color matching, cap construction, ventilation, styling, and finishing to produce a piece that fits securely and looks natural.

Historically, wigs have played a prominent role in many cultures. In Europe, wig use became widespread among aristocracy in the 17th and 18th centuries, and specialized artisans developed techniques for shaping, knotting, and finishing elaborate styles. With the rise of film, television, and fashion, professional wigmakers expanded into custom, production, and prosthetic applications, shifting toward standardized cap systems and mechanized methods while maintaining traditional handwork for high-end pieces.

Materials and construction vary with purpose. Wigs may use human hair or synthetic fibers, or a blend. The base can be a full cap made of woven fabric, lace, or mesh, and may incorporate a monofilament top for a natural scalp appearance or a lace-front to create an invisible hairline. Construction methods include machine-made, where hair is sewn onto wefts, and hand-tied (ventilated) wigs, where individual hairs are knotted to a cap. Advances include specialized cap designs, adjustable fits, and styling versatility.

Applications include stage and screen productions, medical hair loss solutions, cosplay, and daily wear. Care typically involves gentle cleaning, proper detangling, heat caution for synthetic fibers, and storage on a wig stand to maintain shape.