Werkspanning

Werkspanning is a Dutch term describing the psychological and physiological strain experienced by workers as a result of work demands. It denotes the tension that arises when job requirements exceed an individual’s available resources, coping capacity, or control over work conditions. In Dutch-language literature, werkspanning is often discussed alongside related concepts such as werkbelasting (workload) and arbeidstress (occupational stress).

Dimsions and measurement: Werkspanning includes cognitive load, time pressure, emotional demands, physical effort, and perceived autonomy. It is typically assessed through self-report questionnaires that gauge perceived demands and resources, and in some studies is complemented by physiological indicators such as heart rate variability or sleep disruption to capture stress responses.

Causes and models: Factors contributing to werkspanning include high job demands, low decision latitude, insufficient social support, and effort–reward imbalances. The concept aligns with established models like the job demand–control model and the effort–reward imbalance model, which link workplace conditions to stress and health outcomes.

Consequences: Sustained werkspanning is associated with burnout, fatigue, reduced job satisfaction, impaired performance, higher absenteeism, and adverse health effects such as cardiovascular risk and sleep problems.

Management: Addressing werkspanning involves reducing demands or increasing resources. Interventions include job redesign, clearer role definitions, greater autonomy, improved supervisory and peer support, better staffing levels, and structured recovery opportunities outside work. Monitoring werkspanning can help prevent chronic stress and contribute to better well-being and productivity.