Vizeletretenció

Vizeletretenció is a term used in some languages to describe urinary retention, the inability to completely empty the bladder. It can present as acute urinary retention, a sudden, painful inability to void, or chronic urinary retention, a more gradual condition with incomplete bladder emptying.

Causes include mechanical obstruction such as benign prostatic hyperplasia in men, urethral strictures, and bladder neck obstruction; neurogenic causes such as spinal cord injury, diabetes-related neuropathy, and multiple sclerosis; medications with anticholinergic or alpha-adrenergic effects; postoperative urinary retention after anesthesia; pelvic organ prolapse in women; infections or stones. Less common causes include functional bladder disorders and certain tumors.

Symptoms depend on the form. Acute retention presents with severe suprapubic pain, a distended bladder, and little or no urine output; overflow dribbling may occur. Chronic retention may cause increased urinary frequency, urgency, hesitancy, a weak stream, nocturia, and recurrent urinary tract infections.

Diagnosis involves history and physical examination, bladder scanning to estimate residual volume, and catheterization to decompress the bladder if needed. Urinalysis and urine culture help exclude infection, and blood tests assess kidney function. Imaging or endoscopy (such as ultrasound, cystoscopy, or transrectal evaluation of the prostate) may identify obstruction.

Treatment aims to relieve the obstruction and address underlying causes. Immediate catheterization is used for acute retention. Long-term management may include medical therapy (e.g., alpha-blockers for BPH), surgical intervention for obstruction, intermittent self-catheterization, or long-term catheterization. Addressing contributing factors such as infections, medications, or neurogenic disorders is also important.

Prognosis depends on the underlying cause and the promptness of treatment. Timely management reduces the risk of kidney damage and hydronephrosis, while recurrent retention requires ongoing care and monitoring.