Vitexin

Vitexin is a natural flavone glycoside that is chemically defined as apigenin-8-C-glucoside. It consists of the flavone aglycone apigenin with a beta-D-glucose unit attached directly to the C-8 position via a carbon–carbon bond. This C-glycosidic linkage provides greater chemical stability than many sugar linkages found in other flavonoid glycosides.

Occurrence and sources: Vitexin has been isolated from several plant species, including Passiflora incarnata (passionflower) and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), among others. It commonly occurs together with its isomer isovitexin, which is apigenin-6-C-glucoside.

Biological activity and research status: In vitro and in vivo studies have reported antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective effects for vitexin, and it has been investigated for potential anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective activities. However, most evidence comes from laboratory experiments, and robust clinical data in humans are limited or lacking. The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of vitexin in humans are not fully established.

Uses and safety: Vitexin is a constituent of some plant extracts used in traditional medicines and may contribute to the effects of passionflower preparations. It is not approved as a pharmaceutical drug, and there is no standardized dosing for vitexin. As with other natural products, potential interactions with medications and safety in high-dose or long-term use require further study.