VitaminKProphylaxe

Vitamin K prophylaxis refers to the administration of vitamin K to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB), a condition that can cause severe bleeding in newborns and at-risk populations. Vitamin K is an essential fat-soluble vitamin involved in the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, which are critical for blood coagulation.

In neonatal care, vitamin K prophylaxis is routinely administered shortly after birth to prevent VKDB, particularly in the early (first week), classical (second week), and late (up to several months) phases. Without prophylaxis, infants are at increased risk of bleeding due to low vitamin K levels, as placental transfer is limited and breast milk contains low vitamin K concentrations.

The most common methods of prophylaxis include intramuscular injection, oral administration, or, in some cases, intravenous delivery. The intramuscular route is generally considered more effective in ensuring adequate prophylactic coverage. Oral administration may require multiple doses and higher compliance, especially in settings where injection is less feasible.

The safety profile of vitamin K prophylaxis is well-established, with adverse effects being rare and typically limited to mild, transient reactions. Despite its safety, there remains debate over optimal dosing and administration timing, but current guidelines generally support routine prophylaxis for all newborns.

Vitamin K prophylaxis has significantly reduced the incidence of VKDB worldwide. It is recommended by health authorities and organizations such as the World Health Organization and the American Academy of Pediatrics as a standard preventative measure in neonatal care. Ensuring timely prophylaxis is critical in minimizing bleeding risks and promoting healthy development in infants.