Vintersport

Vintersport, or winter sport, refers to activities conducted on snow or ice, typically during the winter season, though many disciplines also take place year-round in artificial venues. The term covers competitive sports as well as recreational and professional pursuits that rely on cold-weather conditions, specialized equipment, and appropriate terrain.

Common winter sport disciplines include alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, ski jumping, snowboarding, biathlon, figure skating, speed skating, ice hockey, curling, luge, bobsleigh, and skeleton. Snow-based events usually occur on snow-covered slopes or trails, while ice-based events take place on ice rinks or artificial tracks. Some activities blend elements of both, such as speed skating on indoor rinks with climate-controlled environments.

Major governing bodies oversee competition and standards: the International Ski Federation (FIS) governs most snow-skiing disciplines; the International Skating Union (ISU) sets rules for figure skating and speed skating; the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) organizes ice hockey; the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF) covers sledding events; national federations coordinate with the International Olympic Committee for the Winter Olympic Games, the pinnacle event for many winter sports.

Winter sports grew in popularity in the 19th and 20th centuries in the mountains and cold climates of Europe and North America, supported by resorts, equipment, and organized competitions. Technological advances in gear, snowmaking, and artificial ice have expanded participation and seasons, while safety and climate-change considerations have influenced training and venue planning.

Winter sport contributes to tourism, sports science, and national identity in many regions, with events attracting spectators and athletes worldwide. The calendar centers on continental and world championships and the Winter Olympic Games.