Verbene

Verbene, commonly referred to as vervain or verbenas, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Verbenaceae. The genus includes a large number of species of herbaceous plants and shrubs that are widely grown for ornamental purposes. Native to the Americas, Africa, and parts of Asia, verbene has been cultivated and naturalized in many regions.

Plants in this genus typically have opposite, simple leaves with serrated margins and square stems. Flowers are produced in dense inflorescences and usually have five petals, often forming vivid clusters. Color ranges include purple, pink, red, white, and bi-color varieties. Many forms are compact and trailing, while others are upright and tall.

Habitats and cultivation preferences vary by species, but most garden verbenas prefer full sun and well‑drained soil. They are generally drought-tolerant once established. In temperate climates, many verbene species are grown as annuals, while in warmer zones they can be perennials. Trailing varieties are popular for containers and hanging baskets, whereas taller species are used as border plants or specimen specimens.

Varieties and uses: The best‑known garden forms come from hybrids of Verbena species, collectively marketed as verbenas (often as Verbena × hybrida). The tall Verbena bonariensis is prized for its airy purple flower clusters. Verbena officinalis, or common vervain, has a history of traditional medicinal use in various cultures, though modern usage should be approached with caution and professional guidance.

Care and pests: Verbenas can be susceptible to powdery mildew in humid conditions and are often affected by aphids or whiteflies. Regular deadheading or pruning after flowering helps maintain shape and encourage additional blooms. Providing good air circulation and avoiding overwatering supports overall plant health.