Ventrikelsepten

Ventrikelsepten, commonly known as a ventricular septal defect (VSD), is a congenital heart defect characterized by an abnormal opening in the ventricular septum, the wall dividing the left and right ventricles of the heart. This condition allows oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the right ventricle, disrupting normal blood flow and potentially leading to complications such as heart failure or pulmonary hypertension if left untreated.

VSDs vary in size and location, influencing their clinical presentation and severity. Small defects may close on their own during infancy, while larger or persistent defects often require medical or surgical intervention. Symptoms depend on the defect’s size and can include fatigue, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, poor weight gain in infants, and frequent respiratory infections. Severe cases may present with cyanosis, where the skin appears bluish due to insufficient oxygenation.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, listening for abnormal heart murmurs, and imaging techniques such as echocardiography, which uses ultrasound to visualize heart structures. Other tests, such as a chest X-ray or cardiac catheterization, may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the defect’s impact on heart function.

Treatment options range from close monitoring for mild cases to surgical repair for more severe defects. Surgical closure involves patching the hole in the septum, while catheter-based interventions, such as device closure, are used for smaller defects. Early intervention is crucial to prevent long-term complications, including heart valve damage or arrhythmias.

Most children with VSDs lead normal lives with appropriate treatment, though follow-up care is essential to monitor heart function and address any potential issues. The prognosis depends on the defect’s size, timing of treatment, and overall heart health. Advances in medical and surgical techniques have significantly improved outcomes for individuals with ventricular septal defects.