Venipunktúra

Venipunktúra is a medical procedure involving the insertion of a needle into a vein. This technique is primarily used for phlebotomy, the collection of blood for diagnostic testing, donation, or therapeutic purposes. It is also employed for administering intravenous fluids, medications, and transfusions.

The procedure typically involves cleaning the skin over the chosen vein with an antiseptic swab. A tourniquet is often applied above the venipuncture site to engorge the vein, making it more prominent and easier to access. The needle is then inserted at an angle into the vein, and blood is drawn into a collection device, such as a syringe or vacuum tube. Once the required amount of blood is collected, the tourniquet is released, and the needle is withdrawn. Pressure is applied to the site to prevent bleeding and hematoma formation.

Common venipuncture sites include the veins in the antecubital fossa of the arm, such as the median cubital, cephalic, and basilic veins. Less commonly, venipuncture may be performed in the hand or foot. The selection of a vein depends on factors such as the purpose of the venipuncture, the patient's anatomy, and the availability of suitable veins.

While generally safe, venipuncture can have minor complications, including bruising, pain, infection, or nerve damage, though these are rare when performed by trained professionals. Proper technique and adherence to aseptic protocols minimize these risks.