Varroapunkki

Varroapunkki, scientifically known as Varroa destructor, is an external parasitic mite that infests honey bees (Apis mellifera). It is considered one of the most serious threats to honey bee populations worldwide. The mite's life cycle is closely tied to that of its host. Female mites attach themselves to adult bees, feeding on their fat bodies, which are crucial for bee immunity and development. They then move into developing brood cells, where they reproduce. Offspring mites emerge from capped cells along with the adult bee, continuing the cycle.

Infested bees often exhibit deformities, reduced lifespan, and weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to diseases and viruses. The most significant impact is the transmission of viruses, such as the Deformed Wing Virus (DWV), which is amplified by the presence of Varroa mites. Heavy infestations can lead to the collapse of an entire bee colony.

Control of Varroa mites is a critical aspect of modern beekeeping. Various methods are employed, including chemical treatments (acaricides) and organic approaches such as formic acid, essential oils, and mechanical removal. Beekeepers often use a combination of these strategies to manage mite populations and protect their colonies. Resistance to some acaricides has also emerged, necessitating ongoing research and the development of new control methods and mite-resistant bee strains.