Varmeunderskudd

Varmeunderskudd, also known as heat deficit or hypothermia, refers to a condition where the body's core temperature falls below the normal range necessary for proper physiological functioning. In humans, normal body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F). When the core temperature drops critically below this level, typically below 35°C (95°F), it can lead to impairments in vital functions and may become life-threatening if not promptly addressed.

This condition often results from prolonged exposure to cold environments, inadequate clothing, or immersion in cold water. It can also occur due to factors that impair the body's ability to generate or retain heat, such as malnutrition, certain medical conditions, or advanced age. Symptoms of varmeunderskudd include shivering, fatigue, confusion, slowed heart rate, and impaired coordination. As the temperature decreases further, individuals may experience unconsciousness, cardiac arrhythmias, and even death.

Prevention involves appropriate clothing, insulation, and shelter in cold conditions, as well as gradual acclimatization. When symptoms appear, immediate intervention is critical. Rewarming strategies include moving the individual to a warmer environment, insulating them from further heat loss, and, in severe cases, providing warm fluids or medical treatment such as heated IV fluids and external warming devices.

Understanding varmeunderskudd is essential in contexts such as outdoor activities, cold climate work, and emergency medicine. It is a preventable condition with proper precautions and rapid response, which can significantly reduce the risk of severe health outcomes or mortality associated with cold exposure.