Valgusuurimused

Valgusuurimused are clinical and radiographic evaluations aimed at assessing valgus deformities, where the distal segment of a limb deviates outward relative to the proximal segment. They are most commonly applied to the knee and the elbow, but can be relevant for other joints as well. The goal is to determine the presence, degree, and etiology of valgus malalignment to guide treatment.

Clinical assessment focuses on limb alignment in standing or functional positions, assessment of joint range of motion, and evaluation for associated instability or soft tissue injury. In knee examinations, clinicians may perform a physical inspection of valgus alignment (genu valgum), palpate joint lines, assess ligament integrity, and measure the carrying angle of the elbow or the knee’s valgus angle during motion. Diagnostic maneuvers, such as a valgus stress test, help evaluate medial collateral ligament competence and joint laxity.

Radiographic assessment complements the exam with objective measurements. Standing long-leg radiographs or hip-to-ankle films are commonly used to determine limb alignment and the mechanical axis. Tibiofemoral angle, metaphyseal and distal femoral or proximal tibial angles, and the carrying angle are calculated to quantify valgus deformity. Additional imaging, such as MRI, may be employed to identify bone lesions, growth disturbances, or soft tissue pathology contributing to valgus malalignment.

Indications include suspected congenital or developmental deformities, post-traumatic malalignment, arthritis with valgus deformity, and assessment planning for correction. Management ranges from observation and bracing in mild pediatric cases to guided growth procedures in skeletally immature patients, and corrective osteotomies or joint reconstruction in adults. The choice depends on age, deformity magnitude, underlying cause, and functional impact.