VMBOleerlingen

VMBO-leerlingen are students enrolled in VMBO, the preparatory middle-level vocational education in the Netherlands. VMBO is part of the Dutch secondary education system and is designed for pupils roughly aged 12 to 16, with some remaining in school into their late teens. The program focuses on practical skills and work-related learning and serves as a stepping stone to vocational training or further study. After completing VMBO, graduates typically continue to MBO programs (level 2–4), while a smaller share moves to HAVO via bridging routes or to higher education following additional training.

VMBO offers four tracks that structure the curriculum and future pathways: VMBO-Basis (BB) focuses on practical, basic training; VMBO-Kader (KB) combines practical work with more theoretical elements; VMBO-Gemengd (GL) provides a balanced mix of theory and practice; VMBO-Theoretisch (TL) emphasizes theoretical study. The chosen track influences both the subjects studied and the type of diploma students receive.

Curriculum and assessment: VMBO-leerlingen study mandatory subjects such as Dutch, English, and mathematics, supplemented by track-specific subjects (for example technology, economics, or care and welfare). Assessment includes school-based tests and final examinations at the end of the program, culminating in a VMBO diploma with a track designation. The diploma certifies completion of middle-level secondary education and enables admission to MBO programs; TL graduates have additional options for entering HAVO through bridging routes.

Transitions and support: VMBO schools provide guidance and support to help students choose a pathway and prepare for the labor market. Internships, workplace mentors and work placements are common components. Some learners benefit from Praktijkonderwijs (PrO), a related form of secondary education with a stronger emphasis on practical training and employment-oriented skills.