V2O5WO3TiO2

V2O5WO3TiO2 is a ternary mixed-oxide system that combines vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5), tungsten(VI) oxide (WO3), and titanium dioxide (TiO2). It is studied primarily as a catalytic and photocatalytic material, leveraging the redox flexibility of vanadium species together with the structural robustness of TiO2 and the promotional effects of WO3. The composition can vary, and the material may form as a solid solution within the TiO2 lattice or as closely associated V2O5–WO3–TiO2 phases dispersed on a support.

Synthesis and structure are typically achieved by methods such as co-precipitation, sol–gel, hydrothermal synthesis, impregnation of TiO2 precursors with vanadium and tungsten sources, or solid-state mixing followed by calcination. Calcination temperatures commonly range from about 400 to 600°C, which influences phase development. Depending on preparation conditions, the material may display anatase or rutile TiO2, with nanoscale domains of V2O5 and WO3 or their dispersed oxides. Characterization techniques such as XRD, XPS, and electron microscopy are used to assess phase composition, oxidation states, and morphology.

Properties of V2O5WO3TiO2 derive from the interplay of the three oxides. Vanadium provides redox-active centers (V5+/V4+) and acidic surface sites; WO3 can enhance thermal stability and charge transfer, while TiO2 contributes photostability and a wide-bandgap oxide framework. The material often exhibits enhanced catalytic activity for oxidation reactions and can show modified optical absorption, potentially extending activity into the visible region under certain compositions.

Applications include heterogeneous catalysis, notably deNOx selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR), oxidation of volatile organic compounds, and photocatalytic remediation. Research also explores its role in photoelectrochemical or electrochemical systems, with emphasis on tuning activity through controlled V, W, and Ti loadings. Limitations involve phase stability at high temperatures and the need for precise synthesis to optimize performance and minimize toxicity concerns associated with vanadium compounds.