Urtikariaangioödeemana

Urtikariaangioödeemana, often referred to as urticaria and angioedema, is a common medical condition characterized by the simultaneous or sequential appearance of hives (urticaria) and swelling (angioedema). Urticaria presents as itchy, raised welts on the skin that can vary in size and shape, and often appear and disappear within hours. Angioedema, on the other hand, involves deeper swelling beneath the skin, typically affecting the lips, eyelids, tongue, throat, hands, and feet.

The underlying mechanism involves the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. These substances cause blood vessels to leak, leading to the characteristic swelling and redness. The exact triggers for urtikariaangioödeemana can be diverse and include allergic reactions to foods, medications, insect stings, or environmental allergens. Non-allergic triggers can also include infections, physical stimuli like pressure, cold, heat, or sunlight (physical urticaria), stress, and autoimmune conditions. In many cases, a specific cause cannot be identified, and the condition is termed idiopathic urtikariaangioödeemana.

Diagnosis is typically based on clinical presentation and a detailed medical history. Allergy testing may be performed if an allergic trigger is suspected. Treatment focuses on identifying and avoiding triggers where possible. Antihistamines are the mainstay of treatment for relieving itching and reducing hive formation. In cases of severe angioedema, especially if it affects the airways, corticosteroids or epinephrine may be necessary. Chronic urtikariaangioödeemana, lasting more than six weeks, often requires long-term management with medication.