Uraniidae

Uraniidae is a family of moths in the order Lepidoptera, within the superfamily Zygaenoidea. The family comprises several genera and many species, traditionally divided into two principal subfamilies: Uraniinae, which includes the day-flying, often large and vividly colored moths, and Epipleminae, a diverse group of mostly nocturnal moths with more cryptic wing patterns.

Geographic distribution spans tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, with greatest diversity in the Neotropics and in parts of Asia and the Pacific. The Uraniinae are typically diurnal and butterfly-like, while Epipleminae are mainly nocturnal. Adults feed on nectar and, in some species, on fermented fruit or plant sap.

Morphology varies among subfamilies. Uraniinae moths tend to have slender bodies and broad, brightly colored wings, often with iridescent green and red patterns that aid in visual signaling. Epipleminae are generally more subdued in color and smaller in size. Resting postures range from wings held flat to tent-like over the body.

Larvae feed on a variety of woody plants; some species are host-plant specialists, while others are generalists. Like most Lepidoptera, uraniids undergo complete metamorphosis, with eggs, caterpillar, chrysalis, and adult stages. Adults are usually short-lived but can be seen visiting flowers for nectar.

Taxonomy has been revised in light of molecular studies, and higher-level relationships within Zygaenoidea remain under discussion. Notable members include the genus Urania, whose Neotropical species, such as Urania leilus, are among the best-known day-flying moths due to their vivid coloration and large size.