Upphandlings

Upphandling, often translated as procurement or tendering, is the process by which a public authority, private company, or organization acquires goods, services, or works. The goal is to obtain necessary resources on fair terms, with competition, transparency, and value for money.

In Sweden and the European Union, upphandling is governed by public procurement rules designed to ensure non-discrimination and equal treatment. For public bodies, the Public Procurement Act (LOU) implements EU directives on procurement. There are exceptions for defense, security, or other regulated sectors under LUF or other special rules. EU directives set thresholds and require open or restricted procedures for larger contracts; below thresholds, light-touch procedures may apply.

The typical process includes needs assessment and market analysis, publication of a call for tenders, supplier qualification, submission of bids, and evaluation. Tender procedures include open tender, restricted tender, competitive dialogue, and negotiated procedures, with the Most Economically Advantageous Tender (MEAT) or lowest price as common award criteria. Companies may use framework agreements or dynamic purchasing systems to simplify repeated procurements.

Transparency and integrity are central: procurement notices on public portals, requirements for equal treatment, and avenues for complaints or remedies if a decision is believed to be unlawful. After award, contract management covers performance, changes, and dispute resolution.

Private companies also engage in upphandling to ensure competitive sourcing, drive innovation, and manage supplier risk. Critics note bureaucratic burdens and lengthy processes, while supporters stress the benefits of openness and accountability.