Unicycles

A unicycle is a human-powered vehicle consisting of a single wheel attached to a frame, with a saddle supported by a seat post and a pair of pedals directly connected to the wheel hub. Unlike a bicycle, it has no front or rear wheel to aid balance, so the rider maintains stability through steering by shifting body weight and applying pedal torque. Most unicycles have no gears and rely on the rider’s strength and technique to move and steer.

The development of the modern unicycle is tied to late 19th and early 20th century performances in circuses and sideshows, where performers explored balance on a single wheel. Over time, specialized designs emerged for different activities and terrains, giving rise to a range of configurations used today.

Typical components include the wheel with a tubular or clincher tire, cranks and pedals attached directly to the hub, a frame, and a saddle mounted on a seat post. Wheel sizes vary widely, commonly from 20 to 36 inches in diameter. Beginners often start on a 20" or 24" model, while distance and off-road riders may favor 26", 28", or even larger wheels. Specialized variants include street unicycles for flat ground and tricks, muni (mountain unicycles) for off-road use, and trials unicycles designed for precise obstacle riding.

Techniques such as mounting, idling, riding straight, turning, and hopping are core skills, with higher levels including advanced hops and spins. Unicycling is practiced recreationally, in performing arts, and as a competitive sport. Activities include unicycle hockey, polo, and the sport of contests governed by organizations such as the International Unicycle Federation, which hosts world championships across multiple disciplines. Safety equipment, especially helmets and wrist guards, is commonly recommended.