Udhældning

Udhældning is a term used to describe an outward inclination or tilt of a surface, edge, or structure away from a vertical reference. The word is formed from ud meaning out and hældning meaning inclination, and it is commonly found in Danish technical and geotechnical discourse.

In geology and geomorphology, udhældning refers to the direction and degree by which a plane or landform tilts away from a reference line, such as the vertical or a compass direction. Examples include the outward dip of a bank, slope, or fault plane. The concept helps describe the geometry of rock layers, soils, and other materials and is closely related to measures of dip and strike used in mapping.

In civil engineering and construction, udhældning is used to describe the outward lean or tilt of structures, embankments, retaining walls, or foundations. Outward movement can arise from differential settlement, lateral loading, erosion, water pressure, or freeze-thaw cycles. Such tilts may compromise stability and require assessment or intervention.

Measurement typically involves surveying tools and instruments such as inclinometer, tilt sensors, or traditional leveling and surveying methods to determine the tilt angle and direction. Monitoring over time is important for assessing stability and informing mitigation strategies.

Mitigation approaches include improving drainage, reinforcing with structural elements, underpinning foundations, or distributing loads more evenly. Understanding udhældning supports risk assessment and design decisions in contexts ranging from natural slopes to built infrastructure.