Tutoring

Tutoring is individualized educational support designed to help learners improve mastery of specific skills or topics beyond regular classroom instruction. It often begins with diagnostic assessment, followed by goal setting and a tailored instructional plan. Tutors may be professional educators, subject specialists, or trained volunteers, and sessions can be conducted one-on-one or in small groups.

Tutoring can take place in person or online, and may be synchronous or asynchronous. Common approaches include explicit instruction, guided practice, feedback, and strategies for independent learning. Effective tutoring aligns closely with the student’s curriculum, provides regular practice, and adapts to the learner’s pace and misconceptions.

Types of tutoring include academic tutoring (core subjects), remedial tutoring for struggling students, enrichment for advanced learners, language tutoring, and preparation for standardized tests or college admissions. Peer tutoring is common in schools and communities, often benefiting both tutor and learner through reciprocal teaching.

Research on tutoring shows potential for academic gains, particularly with consistent frequency, qualified tutors, and alignment with instruction. Outcomes vary with context, student characteristics, and program quality. Access to tutoring raises equity concerns, as services may be costly or unevenly distributed; online platforms and community programs have expanded availability but require attention to quality, privacy, and digital access.