Tumörer

Tumörer are abnormal tissue growths that result from uncontrolled cell division. They can arise in almost any tissue or organ and may form a visible lump or mass. Tumörer are commonly categorized as benign or malignant.

Benign tumors are non-cancerous growths that typically grow slowly, have well-defined borders, and do not invade surrounding tissues or spread to distant sites. They can still cause problems if they press on nerves or organs, or if they grow large enough to impair function. Examples include lipomas and fibromas.

Malignant tumors are cancerous and have the ability to invade nearby tissues and spread (metastasize) to distant parts of the body via the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Malignant growth is usually more aggressive and requires systematic treatment.

Causes and risk factors for tumor development include genetic mutations, inherited cancer syndromes, exposure to carcinogens (such as tobacco smoke, certain chemicals, and excessive UV radiation), infections (for example, certain viruses), chronic inflammation, and aging. Some tumors are congenital or arise without a known cause; many appear sporadically.

Symptoms depend on the tumor’s size, location, and effects on organ function. They can include a noticeable lump, persistent pain, neurological changes, or hormonal disturbances. Many tumors are detected incidentally through imaging or routine screening.

Diagnosis typically involves clinical examination, imaging studies (such as ultrasound, X-ray, CT, MRI, or PET), and confirmation by tissue biopsy with histopathological analysis. Molecular and genetic testing may guide treatment decisions in malignant cases.

Treatment is individualized. Benign tumors may be monitored or surgically removed if symptomatic. Malignant tumors require multidisciplinary management, which may include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and, in some cases, palliative care to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.

Prognosis varies widely by tumor type, stage, and location. Prevention focuses on modifiable risk factors, vaccination where applicable, and participation in appropriate screening programs.