Tubektomia

Tubektomia is a surgical procedure for permanent female sterilization. It involves interrupting or removing a portion of the fallopian tubes, thereby preventing fertilization as sperm cannot reach the egg. It is typically considered a long-term or permanent method of contraception and is also referred to as tubectomy or tubal ligation in some contexts.

Most tubektomies are performed by laparoscopy, which uses small abdominal incisions and a camera-guided instrument. The fallopian tubes can be occluded with clips, bands, or electrocautery, or a segment of the tube may be surgically removed (partial or total salpingectomy). The procedure can be carried out as an interval operation or shortly after childbirth, including during a cesarean section in some cases.

The method is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with failure rates low when performed correctly. It is generally considered irreversible, though in some cases reversal or tubal reconstruction may be possible; success depends on the specific techniques used and individual factors, and it is not guaranteed. Pregnancy after sterilization carries a higher risk of ectopic pregnancy if it occurs.

Risks are similar to other abdominal or gynecologic surgeries and include reactions to anesthesia, bleeding, infection, injury to nearby organs, and temporary pain or discomfort. Most patients recover within days to a week, often as an outpatient procedure, with gradual return to normal activities. Long-term considerations include the permanent nature of sterilization and the need to use another contraception method if sterilization is later deemed unsuitable. Counseling and informed consent are standard parts of the decision-making process.