Tropidolaemus

Tropidolaemus is a genus of venomous snakes in the family Viperidae, subfamily Crotalinae (pit vipers). The genus is found in tropical Southeast Asia, with species inhabiting forests, mangroves, and agricultural landscapes from the Malay Peninsula through parts of Indonesia and surrounding regions. The best-known species is Tropidolaemus wagleri, commonly called Wagler's pit viper or temple pit viper.

Taxonomy and species names in Tropidolaemus have undergone revisions, and valid species boundaries have varied among researchers. The genus has historically included several populations that have been described or reclassified as distinct species or subspecies, such as those once treated as variations of T. wagleri. As a result, exact species limits can differ by source and over time.

Description and ecology wise, Tropidolaemus snakes are medium-sized pit vipers that are often arboreal or semi-arboreal. Many species exhibit pronounced sexual dimorphism, with females typically larger and more robust than males. Coloration and patterning are variable across species and populations, but many individuals are green or brown with banding or other markings that provide camouflage in foliage. They prey on small vertebrates, including lizards and mammals, using ambush strategies and their heat-sensing pits to locate prey.

Venom and medical significance are important for humans. Tropidolaemus species possess medically significant venom, and bites require prompt medical attention. The venom is primarily hemotoxic, capable of causing local swelling, tissue damage, and systemic effects such as coagulopathy. Treatment relies on regionally available antivenoms and supportive care.

Reproduction in Tropidolaemus is generally ovoviviparous, with females giving birth to live young after a gestation period. Litter sizes vary by species and environmental conditions.