Tromocitózis

Tromocitózis, also known as platelet overproduction, is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of platelets (thrombocytes) in the blood. Platelets are blood cells essential for clot formation and wound healing. A normal platelet count ranges between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. Tromocitózis occurs when levels exceed this range significantly.

There are two main types of tromocitózis: primary (essential) and secondary (reactive). Primary tromocitózis is a myeloproliferative disorder involving the bone marrow's abnormal proliferation of megakaryocytes, the cells responsible for producing platelets. It often has no identifiable cause and can be associated with genetic mutations. Secondary tromocitózis results from other medical conditions, such as infections, inflammation, or iron deficiency anemia, which stimulate increased platelet production as a response.

Symptoms of tromocitózis may be mild or absent in many cases. When symptoms occur, they can include headaches, dizziness, visual disturbances, or an increased risk of blood clots, which may lead to complications like strokes or heart attacks. Rarely, patients may experience bleeding episodes due to abnormal platelet function.

Diagnosis involves a complete blood count (CBC) to measure platelet levels, along with additional tests to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the type and severity of the condition. In primary tromocitózis, therapies may include medications like hydroxyurea or aspirin to reduce platelet counts and prevent complications. Managing secondary tromocitózis involves addressing the underlying condition responsible for the elevated platelet levels.

Prognosis varies; untreated primary tromocitózis can increase the risk of thrombotic events, while secondary forms often resolve with treatment of the associated condition. Regular monitoring and management are crucial to prevent serious complications.