Trombóz

Trombóz refers to the formation of a blood clot, known as a thrombus, within a blood vessel. This clot can impede or block the flow of blood through the circulatory system. Thrombosis can occur in arteries (arterial thrombosis) or veins (venous thrombosis).

Venous thrombosis commonly affects the deep veins of the legs, a condition known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). If a clot from a DVT breaks off and travels to the lungs, it can cause a pulmonary embolism, a potentially life-threatening condition. Risk factors for venous thrombosis include prolonged immobility, surgery, certain medical conditions like cancer, obesity, and the use of hormonal contraceptives.

Arterial thrombosis can lead to serious consequences such as heart attack or stroke. These clots typically form in arteries already narrowed by atherosclerosis, a buildup of plaque. When a plaque ruptures, a clot can form rapidly, obstructing blood flow to vital organs.

Symptoms of thrombosis vary depending on the location and severity. DVT may present with swelling, pain, warmth, or redness in the affected limb. Arterial thrombosis symptoms are more acute and can include chest pain (heart attack) or sudden weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking (stroke).

Diagnosis often involves imaging techniques like ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI. Treatment aims to prevent the clot from growing larger, break up existing clots, and prevent future clot formation. This typically involves anticoagulant medications (blood thinners), thrombolytic therapy (clot-busting drugs), or surgery in some cases. Prevention strategies include regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and adhering to medical advice for individuals with known risk factors.