Tromboosille

Tromboosille is the Finnish term used to describe thrombosis, the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. Thrombosis can involve veins or arteries and may obstruct blood flow or dislodge to cause distal embolic events, potentially leading to tissue injury or organ failure. It is commonly explained through Virchow's triad: endothelial injury, stasis of blood flow, and hypercoagulability.

Venous thrombosis most often affects the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis, DVT) and can present with leg swelling, pain, and warmth. Arterial thrombosis can cause acute events such as myocardial infarction or stroke, with symptoms related to the affected territory. A clot that travels to the lungs causes pulmonary embolism, which may present with shortness of breath, chest pain, or rapid heart rate. The clinical presentation depends on the location and size of the thrombosis.

Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment supported by tests. D-dimer testing can aid in ruling out thrombosis in low-risk individuals, while imaging studies—such as duplex ultrasound for DVT and CT pulmonary angiography for PE or arterial occlusions—confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment aims to prevent clot growth and new clots, relieve obstruction, and reduce the risk of complications. Anticoagulant medications (such as heparin and direct oral anticoagulants) are the mainstay, with thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy reserved for selected high-risk cases. The duration of therapy varies with the site of thrombosis, underlying risk factors, and recurrence risk.

Prevention focuses on risk modification, mobilization after surgery or illness, compression devices, and targeted anticoagulation in high-risk patients. Prognosis depends on the thrombosis location, size, and promptness of treatment, with potential for recurrent events and chronic complications in some cases.