Trombilor

Trombilor is the Romanian term used to denote thrombi—solid masses formed by blood components that develop within a blood vessel or heart chamber. The singular form is trombul; trombilor is the genitive plural, used in phrases such as “the effects of thrombi.”

Thrombus formation is driven by Virchow's triad: endothelial injury, abnormal blood flow, and hypercoagulability. Thrombi vary by location and composition: arterial thrombi are often platelet-rich (white thrombi) and form under high shear, while venous thrombi are fibrin- and red blood cell–rich (red thrombi) and form under slower flow. They may grow, embolize to distant sites, or resolve partially with natural or therapeutic processes.

Clinically, thrombi underlie conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke, depending on where they form and become dislodged. Diagnosis combines clinical assessment with imaging and laboratory tests: Doppler ultrasound for veins, CT or MR angiography for arteries, and biomarkers such as D-dimer to assess coagulation activity.

Management aims to prevent growth and embolization, relieve obstruction, and treat underlying risk factors. Treatments include anticoagulants (e.g., heparin, direct oral anticoagulants) and, in selected cases, antiplatelet therapy, thrombolysis, or mechanical thrombectomy. Prevention focuses on risk factor modification, prophylactic anticoagulation in high-risk situations, compression for venous disorders, and early mobilization after surgery or during illness.

Historically, thrombi have been central to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular medicine, with Romanian medical terminology incorporating trombul and its forms as part of its lexicon for describing clot-related phenomena.