Triszóma

Triszóma is a scientific term referring to a triploid organism. Triploidy is a condition where an organism possesses three sets of chromosomes instead of the usual two. In sexually reproducing organisms, gametes (sperm and egg cells) are haploid, meaning they contain one set of chromosomes. Fertilization normally results in a diploid zygote with two sets of chromosomes. Triploidy occurs when a diploid egg or ovum is fertilized by a normal haploid sperm, or when a normal haploid egg is fertilized by a diploid sperm, or through other complex meiotic errors.

This condition is relatively common in plants, where it can lead to larger fruits, flowers, or seeds. For example, seedless watermelons are often triploid. In animals, triploidy is generally lethal, especially in mammals. Embryos with triploidy often do not survive to term due to severe developmental abnormalities. However, rare cases of live births in humans have been documented, though these individuals typically have significant health issues and a shortened lifespan. The viability of a triploid organism depends heavily on the species and the specific genetic makeup.