Trianguleringspunkter

Trianguleringspunkter, also known as triangulation stations or geodetic control points, are precisely surveyed locations used as the basis for creating maps and establishing precise measurements of the Earth's surface. These points are fundamental to geodetic networks, which are systems of interconnected survey points that cover large areas. The process of triangulation involves measuring the angles between lines connecting three or more known points. By using trigonometry, the distances and positions of other unknown points can then be calculated.

Historically, triangulation was a primary method for surveying and cartography. It allowed for the creation of accurate national and regional maps by gradually expanding a network of triangles from a known base line. Triangulation stations are typically marked with permanent physical markers, such as concrete pillars, metal rods, or brass disks embedded in rock or pavement, to ensure their stability and re-findability. These markers often bear unique identification numbers.

The accuracy of triangulation depends on the quality of the instruments used for angle measurement (like theodolites) and the precision with which the initial base line is measured. In modern surveying, while triangulation is still a foundational concept, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) like GPS have become increasingly important for establishing control points, often supplementing or replacing traditional triangulation methods for many applications due to their speed and efficiency. However, established triangulation networks remain vital for validating GNSS data and for situations where satellite reception is poor or unavailable.