Transhumanizm

Transhumanism is a philosophy and social movement that advocates using science and technology to enhance human capacities, reduce suffering, and extend healthy lifespan, with the aim of enabling humans to surpass current biological limits. Proponents emphasize that improvements in medicine, genetics, neurotechnology, and artificial intelligence can increase cognitive function, physical ability, resilience, and autonomy, while safeguarding human dignity.

The term was popularized by the British biologist Julian Huxley in the mid-20th century, and modern transhumanism gained visibility in the 1990s with organizations such as the World Transhumanist Association (now Humanity+), founded by Nick Bostrom and others. Movements within transhumanism include extropian and posthumanist strands, with some scholars discussing singularity scenarios in which technological growth accelerates beyond human control.

Core goals include healthspan and lifespan extension, enhancement of memory and learning, augmentation of senses and mobility, and integration with machines through brain-computer interfaces, robotics, and AI. Technologies often cited as enabling tools include genetic engineering and gene therapy, nanotechnology, cybernetics, regenerative medicine, neurotechnology, and cryonics as a speculative option.

Ethical and social debates surround access and inequality, safety and consent, potential loss of individual identity, safety risks, and the possibility of coercive or discriminatory use of enhancements. Critics argue for precaution or outright rejection on religious, moral, or social grounds. Supporters call for thoughtful governance, inclusive public dialogue, and international norms to manage risks while exploring potential benefits.