Transfusiooireyhtymät

Transfusiooireyhtymät, known in English as transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO), is a clinical syndrome that can occur after a blood transfusion. It is characterized by respiratory distress and signs of fluid overload. The primary cause is administering blood products too quickly or in too large a volume, overwhelming the patient's circulatory system. This is particularly a risk for individuals with underlying cardiac or renal insufficiency, as their bodies are less able to manage excess fluid.

Symptoms of TACO typically appear during or shortly after the transfusion. These include dyspnea (shortness of breath), tachypnea (rapid breathing), hypertension (high blood pressure), and sometimes jugular venous distension. In severe cases, pulmonary edema can develop, leading to hypoxemia. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, a history of recent transfusion, and exclusion of other causes of respiratory distress.

Management of TACO focuses on immediately slowing or stopping the transfusion and providing supportive care. Diuretics are often administered to help the body eliminate excess fluid. In critical situations, oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation may be necessary. Prevention is key and involves careful patient assessment before transfusion, considering the patient's fluid status and cardiac function. Transfusion rates should be adjusted based on individual patient needs, especially in vulnerable populations. Monitoring the patient closely during and after the transfusion allows for early detection and intervention.