Trachemys

Trachemys is a genus of semi-aquatic turtles in the family Emydidae, native to the Americas. Members of this genus are commonly referred to as pond sliders and occupy freshwater habitats such as ponds, lakes, and slow rivers. The best-known species is Trachemys scripta, which includes several subspecies such as the red-eared slider (T. scripta elegans) and the yellow-bellied slider (T. scripta scripta). Some classifications treat these subspecies as distinct species.

Body and appearance typically feature a smooth to moderately domed carapace with yellow or cream markings on a dark background. The head and limbs bear bright longitudinal stripes. Sexual dimorphism is common: males usually have longer tails and longer claws, adaptations used in courtship and mating.

Geographic range extends from the southern United States through Central America and into parts of northern South America, with many species having broader native distributions. They inhabit freshwater environments with ample vegetation and basking sites, often displaying prominent basking behavior.

Ecology and behavior: Trachemys species are omnivorous, feeding on aquatic plants, invertebrates, small fish, and occasional carrion. Diet shifts with age and season. They are ectothermic and rely on external temperatures to regulate activity. Reproduction involves females laying eggs in nests on land; clutch size and incubation time are influenced by temperature and environmental conditions. Hatchlings emerge after several weeks and are highly dependent on aquatic habitats for survival.

Conservation and human interactions: The pet trade has led to widespread release and establishment of non-native populations, particularly of the red-eared slider, which can compete with native species and spread disease. Conservation status varies among species and populations, with habitat loss and over-collection cited as common threats.