Tetragonula

Tetragonula is a genus of small, solitary bees in the family Apidae. They are among the smallest bees in the world, with a body length typically ranging from 4 to 7 millimeters. These bees are primarily found in the tropics and subtropics, with a majority of species residing in Southeast Asia.

Tetragonula bees are known for their intricate nesting habits. Females excavate holes in tree bark, bamboo, or other wood sources, often with complex tunnel systems. They use plant fibers to construct their honey pots, storing food for sustenance and reproduction. The female produces a single cell, lays an egg, and seals the cell before constructing another.

Adult Tetragonula bees are generally solitary, with no evidence of social organization. They visit flowers to collect nectar and pollen, often relying on specific plants for resources. Species within the genus feed on a variety of plant species, including weeds and native flora.

Some species of Tetragonula have been found to be associated with paper wasps and yellowjackets, sharing nesting sites and pollination services. Research into these relationships is ongoing, aiming to better understand the complex interactions between Tetragonula bees and other bees. Tetragonula species are also of interest to those studying the evolution of sociality in bees. Their unique nesting habits and solitary behavior make them an interesting subject for scientific study. With many species undescribed and more research required, it is expected that tetragonula will continue to be of interest to researchers.