Tetanusimmuuniglobuliini

Tetanusimmuuniglobuliini is a human plasma-derived immunoglobulin preparation that contains antibodies directed against tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin). It provides immediate passive immunity by neutralizing circulating toxin and is used in conjunction with other measures for tetanus prevention and treatment.

Indications include prophylaxis for tetanus-prone wounds in individuals with unknown or incomplete immunization, or when a booster vaccine is not available or may be delayed. It is also used as part of the treatment for established generalized tetanus to neutralize circulating toxin while ongoing management with antibiotics, wound care, and supportive therapy continues. In all cases, TIG is used alongside a tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine to induce longer-term immunity.

Mechanism of action involves binding and neutralizing free tetanospasmin toxin before it binds to neuronal tissue. TIG does not reverse damage that has already occurred after toxin has bound to nerves, and it provides short-term protection. Active immunization with tetanus toxoid is required for lasting immunity, typically administered at the same time or after TIG as indicated by local guidelines.

Administration and dosing vary by product and country; TIG is usually given by intramuscular injection, often at the time of wound care when risk of tetanus is high. The dose is determined by local protocols and patient factors. Vaccination status should be reviewed, and a tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine is generally given if not up to date.

Adverse effects may include local reactions at the injection site, fever, and hypersensitivity reactions; anaphylaxis is rare. The product is derived from screened donor plasma, with very low but nonzero risk of infectious agent transmission. Storage requires refrigeration (2–8°C).