TetanusProphylaxe

TetanusProphylaxe refers to the preventive measures that guard against tetanus, a life-threatening disease caused by the toxin of Clostridium tetani. Tetanus is not transmitted from person to person; infection occurs when spores enter a wound and release toxin in anaerobic conditions. Effective prophylaxis combines vaccination and proper wound management.

Vaccination provides active immunity through tetanus toxoid-containing vaccines, such as DTaP or Tdap for children and adults, and Td for booster doses. A primary vaccination series is given in early childhood, followed by boosters every 10 years. A single Tdap dose is recommended for adults who have not previously received it, with subsequent Td boosters every decade. Pregnant women are advised to receive a Tdap dose during each pregnancy, usually between the 27th and 36th week of gestation, to protect both mother and newborn. Neonatal tetanus prevention relies on maternal immunization and clean delivery practices.

Wound management and passive immunization are key components of tetanus prophylaxis. For contaminated or dirty wounds, vaccination status should be assessed. If vaccination is incomplete or unknown, administer tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine and consider tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) for immediate passive protection, typically 250 IU intramuscularly. If fully vaccinated but the last booster was many years ago, a booster may be indicated based on wound severity (often within 5–10 years). Clean, minor wounds with up-to-date vaccination generally require no TIG.

Global health efforts focus on maintaining high vaccination coverage to prevent tetanus, including neonatal tetanus through maternal immunization and safe delivery practices. See also tetanus, vaccination, immunization guidelines.