Tejfehérjeallergia

Tejfehérjeallergia, also known as cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA), is an immune system reaction to one or more proteins found in cow's milk. This condition is most commonly diagnosed in infants and young children, although it can develop at any age. The most frequently involved proteins are casein and whey, which are the primary components of cow's milk.

Symptoms of tejfehérjeallergia can range from mild to severe and may include skin reactions such as hives, eczema, and swelling; gastrointestinal symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain; and respiratory issues such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. In some cases, anaphylaxis, a life-threatening reaction, can occur.

The underlying mechanism of tejfehérjeallergia involves the immune system mistakenly identifying cow's milk proteins as harmful. When these proteins are ingested, the immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, which trigger the release of histamine and other chemicals. These chemicals cause the symptoms associated with the allergy.

Diagnosis of tejfehérjeallergia typically involves a combination of medical history, skin prick tests, and sometimes blood tests to measure IgE levels. Elimination diets, where cow's milk and its derivatives are removed from the diet, are often used to confirm the diagnosis.

Management of tejfehérjeallergia involves strict avoidance of cow's milk and its derivatives. This includes not only the milk itself but also hidden sources such as cheese, butter, yogurt, and many processed foods. Alternative milk products, such as soy, rice, or oat milk, are often recommended for infants and children with tejfehérjeallergia. In some cases, oral immunotherapy may be considered to desensitize the individual to cow's milk proteins.

Tejfehérjeallergia can be a challenging condition to manage, especially for young children who rely on milk for nutrition. However, with proper education, avoidance strategies, and sometimes medical intervention, individuals with tejfehérjeallergia can lead healthy and fulfilling lives.