Technocrat

A technocrat is a person who emphasizes technical or scientific expertise in governance or administration, often occupying an official position that is appointed rather than elected. Technocrats are typically described as specialists—engineers, scientists, economists, or other professionals—who advocate policy based on quantitative analysis, efficiency, and long-term planning, rather than political ideologies or popular mandates.

The term derives from technocracy, a movement that emerged in the early 20th century, especially in the United States during the 1930s, proposing government by technical experts and energy-based economics. The word combines techno- (skill or craft) with -crat (rule). In its early use, "technocrat" referred to adherents of this movement; since then it has broadened to describe any policy-maker or administrator judged primarily on professional competence rather than partisan credentials.

In contemporary politics, "technocrat" often describes ministers or officials appointed to manage affairs during an economic or administrative crisis, regardless of party affiliation. Notable examples include technocratic cabinets in various countries and, in Italy, the government led by Mario Monti (2011–2013). The label can carry a positive sense of competence or a negative sense of undemocratic elitism, depending on context.

Characteristics of technocratic governance include emphasis on data-driven decision making, merit-based appointments, and a focus on efficiency and reform. Critics argue that technocracy risks reduced democratic legitimacy, accountability, and public responsiveness, potentially prioritizing technical solutions over values, preferences, and political legitimacy expressed through elections.

Overall, technocracy describes a mode of governance anchored in expertise and efficiency, while a technocrat is the individual practitioner of that approach.

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