Tandställningsfel

Tandställningsfel, often referred to as malocclusion, describes a misalignment of the teeth and jaws. This can manifest in various ways, including teeth that are crooked, overcrowded, widely spaced, or a bite that is off. The upper and lower teeth may not meet correctly when the mouth is closed.

Causes of tandställningsfel can be hereditary, meaning they are passed down through families, or acquired. Acquired causes can include habits such as thumb sucking or prolonged pacifier use during childhood, premature loss of baby teeth, or even injuries to the jaw. The development of the jaw and teeth is a complex process, and deviations can occur at various stages.

The consequences of untreated tandställningsfel can extend beyond aesthetics. Severe malocclusion can lead to difficulties in chewing and speaking, increased wear and tear on teeth due to uneven pressure, and a higher risk of gum disease and cavities because misaligned teeth can be harder to clean effectively. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, causing pain in the jaw joint and muscles, can also be associated with malocclusion.

Diagnosis typically involves a dental examination, including X-rays and possibly dental impressions, to assess the extent of the misalignment. Treatment options, collectively known as orthodontics, aim to correct the position of the teeth and improve the bite. Common methods include braces, which use wires and brackets to gradually move teeth, and clear aligners, which are removable plastic trays that gradually shift teeth into place. The duration and specific treatment plan depend on the severity of the malocclusion and the individual's needs.