Tandlegeringar

Tandlegeringar, or dental alloys, are metallic materials used in dentistry to fabricate prosthetic restorations such as crowns, bridges, inlays, and frameworks for removable dentures. They can be broadly divided into noble metal alloys and base metal alloys, and may be used in various forming processes including casting, pressing, and CAD/CAM milling. Some alloys are designed for veneering with porcelain (porcelain‑fused-to-metal) or for direct metal restorations.

Noble metal alloys contain higher amounts of noble metals such as gold, palladium, platinum, and silver, which confer corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. High‑noble alloys meet a minimum noble metal content defined by standards, often around 60% by weight. Base metal alloys—such as nickel‑chromium and cobalt‑chromium systems—offer high strength and lower cost but can raise biocompatibility concerns for nickel-sensitive individuals. Titanium and titanium‑based alloys are also used in certain implant-related applications. The selection of alloy depends on factors like mechanical demands, esthetics, wear resistance, casting properties, and compatibility with porcelain.

Properties of dental alloys—castability, hardness, yield strength, wear resistance, and a coefficient of thermal expansion matched to tooth structure and veneering ceramics—guide their use. Processing variables, including investment, casting temperature, and finishing, affect fit, marginal integrity, and longevity. Alloys must meet safety and quality standards, with ISO 22674 and national guidelines governing composition and clinical use.

Trends in tandlegeringar include reducing nickel content to lower allergy risk, improving biocompatibility, and integrating with ceramic and resin restorations. Advances in CAD/CAM technologies and alternative materials, such as full-ceramic systems, influence the role of metallic alloys in modern dentistry.