titaniumbased

Titanium-based materials are metallic substances in which titanium is the primary element, including commercially pure titanium and a family of titanium alloys. These materials are engineered to combine low density with high strength, good corrosion resistance, and suitable performance at elevated temperatures, making them common in aerospace, medical, and industrial applications.

Key properties of titanium-based metals include a high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance in many environments (including seawater and various acids), and good biocompatibility. They typically have a density around 4.5 g/cm3 and a melting point near 1,670°C. Some alloys offer high stiffness and fatigue resistance, while others emphasize formability or toughness. However, they can be more costly than many alternatives, and certain alloys are sensitive to oxygen or nitrogen pickup, which can increase hardness and reduce ductility. Welding and joining can be challenging due to oxide formation and heat-affected-zone behavior, and some alloys exhibit limited hot workability.

Common titanium-based materials include commercially pure titanium (grades 1–4) and a range of alloys. The widely used Ti-6Al-4V (grade 5) and its extra-low interstitial form Ti-6Al-4V ELI are alpha-beta alloys prized for high strength and toughness. Other alloys feature beta stabilizers for improved formability and specific high-temperature properties, such as beta titanium alloys used in some aerospace components. Alloying elements (aluminum, vanadium, nickel, niobium, molybdenum, tin, among others) tailor strength, ductility, corrosion resistance, and age-hardening behavior.

Manufacturing routes include wrought processing, casting, and additive manufacturing, with heat treatments like solution treatment and aging to achieve target properties. Applications range from aircraft structures and engine components to medical implants and dental devices, where biocompatibility and longevity are critical.