Tandimplantat

A tandimplantat (dental implant) is a surgical component that is embedded into the jawbone to serve as an anchor for a dental prosthesis, such as a crown, bridge, or denture. The typical implant system consists of three parts: the implant fixture placed into the bone, an abutment that connects the fixture to the prosthesis, and the prosthetic tooth or bridge that is affixed to the abutment. Most implants are endosseous (root-form) screws placed in the jawbone; less common types include subperiosteal implants seated on the bone surface and transosseous implants that pass through the jawbone.

Materials commonly used include commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys, prized for biocompatibility and osseointegration, and zirconia in selected cases. Osseointegration refers to the direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the implant surface, enabling stability.

Indications include replacement of a single missing tooth, supporting a multi-tooth bridge, or stabilizing a removable denture. Candidacy depends on adequate bone volume, good oral hygiene, and overall health.

The procedure involves assessment and planning, imaging (X-ray or CT), and surgical placement of the implant into the jawbone. After placement, healing and osseointegration typically takes several weeks to a few months before the prosthesis is attached. In some cases, provisional restorations allow for immediate loading.

Maintenance requires diligent oral hygiene and regular dental checkups. Potential complications include peri-implantitis (inflammation around the implant), infection, implant loosening, mechanical failure, nerve injury, or sinus problems in upper jaw placements. Reported survival rates for properly placed implants are high, generally around 90% or more over 10 years, depending on location and patient factors.