Szívhártyagyulladás

Szívhártyagyulladás, medically known as pericarditis, is an inflammation of the pericardium, the double-layered sac that surrounds the heart. The inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer are separated by a thin space containing a small amount of fluid, which normally lubricates the heart and allows it to beat smoothly. Inflammation can cause this fluid to build up or the layers to thicken and stick together.

The most common symptom of pericarditis is sharp chest pain, often located in the center or left side of the chest. This pain may worsen when lying down or breathing deeply and can sometimes radiate to the shoulder or neck. Other symptoms can include fever, shortness of breath, fatigue, and a dry cough. In some cases, pericarditis may be asymptomatic.

Pericarditis can be caused by a variety of factors. Viral infections are the most frequent culprits, but bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections can also play a role. Autoimmune diseases like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, as well as conditions such as kidney failure, tuberculosis, or cancer, can also lead to pericarditis. It can also occur after a heart attack or heart surgery, or be caused by certain medications.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, listening for a characteristic rubbing sound (pericardial friction rub) with a stethoscope, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) which may show specific changes. Blood tests can help identify underlying causes like infection or inflammation. Imaging techniques such as echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart) or CT scans can assess for fluid accumulation or thickening of the pericardium.

Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the inflammation. Mild cases often resolve on their own. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen are commonly prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation. In more severe cases or those with complications, other medications or procedures might be necessary. In rare instances, surgery may be required.