Szérumbetegség

Szérumbetegség is a type of hypersensitivity reaction that occurs after exposure to certain foreign proteins, most commonly serum proteins found in animal antiserum used for therapeutic purposes. It is a type of immune complex disease, meaning it is caused by the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in tissues.

The symptoms of szérumbetegség typically appear one to three weeks after exposure to the offending agent. Common signs and symptoms include fever, rash, joint pain (arthralgia), and swelling (edema). The rash can be urticarial (hives) or morbilliform (measles-like). Other possible manifestations include swollen lymph nodes, muscle pain, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, neurological symptoms or kidney involvement can occur.

The diagnosis of szérumbetegség is primarily based on the clinical presentation and a history of exposure to a potential trigger. Laboratory tests can support the diagnosis, such as elevated inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein), low complement levels (due to consumption by immune complexes), and the presence of specific antibodies against the foreign protein.

Treatment for szérumbetegség is mainly supportive and aims to alleviate symptoms. This often involves antihistamines for itching and rash, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids for pain and inflammation. In severe cases, more aggressive immunosuppression may be necessary. The prognosis is generally good, with symptoms usually resolving within a few weeks of treatment. Prevention involves careful consideration of the need for heterologous serum and appropriate prophylactic measures when such treatments are unavoidable.