Szemhártyagyulladás

Szemhártyagyulladás, commonly known as conjunctivitis or "pink eye," is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. This condition can affect one or both eyes and is characterized by redness, itching, a gritty sensation, and sometimes a discharge.

The causes of szemhártyagyulladás are varied. Infectious conjunctivitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi. Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious and often accompanies upper respiratory infections like the common cold. Bacterial conjunctivitis typically produces a thicker, pus-like discharge. Allergic conjunctivitis is triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander and is usually accompanied by itching and watery eyes. Irritant conjunctivitis can result from exposure to smoke, chemicals, or foreign bodies in the eye.

Symptoms can include redness, itching, burning, a feeling of something in the eye, excessive tearing, and discharge that may be watery, white, yellow, or green depending on the cause. Swelling of the eyelids and light sensitivity can also occur.

Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination of the eye and a review of the patient's symptoms. In some cases, a swab of the discharge may be sent to a laboratory for testing to identify the specific pathogen.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Viral conjunctivitis often resolves on its own within a week or two, with supportive care focusing on relieving symptoms like cool compresses. Bacterial conjunctivitis is treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments. Allergic conjunctivitis is managed with antihistamine eye drops, oral antihistamines, or by avoiding the allergen. For irritant conjunctivitis, removing the irritant and flushing the eye is usually sufficient. Maintaining good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing, is crucial to prevent the spread of infectious conjunctivitis.